Редактирование: Richard Stallman, Copyright vs Community in the Age of Computer Networks
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Лекция прошла в 18:00 5 марта 2008 года в ИФ РАН. | Лекция прошла в 18:00 5 марта 2008 года в ИФ РАН. | ||
- | |||
- | [[Изображение:RMS_ifran1.png|thumb|240px|Ричард Мэттью Столлман]] | ||
== Диктофонные записи == | == Диктофонные записи == | ||
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(расшифровка взята с [http://rms-moscow-2008.narod.ru], счетчик времени по [[#Видеозаписи|видеозаписи]], | (расшифровка взята с [http://rms-moscow-2008.narod.ru], счетчик времени по [[#Видеозаписи|видеозаписи]], | ||
- | подзаголовки добавлены после расшифровки, только для ориентации по тексту | + | подзаголовки добавлены после расшифровки, только для ориентации по тексту) |
- | === Introduction. | + | === Introduction. Extents of freedoms === |
{00:00:38} | {00:00:38} | ||
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wouldn't be so bad. You would just say: "all right, you've killed him, | wouldn't be so bad. You would just say: "all right, you've killed him, | ||
you'll have to pay for his new body", and that's it. | you'll have to pay for his new body", and that's it. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== The ancient world ==== | ||
{00:06:53} | {00:06:53} | ||
So, let's look at the history of copyright and copying technology. | So, let's look at the history of copyright and copying technology. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== The ancient world ==== | ||
Copying began in the ancient world, where it was done with a writing instrument | Copying began in the ancient world, where it was done with a writing instrument | ||
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gone into the public domain in the US for decades. | gone into the public domain in the US for decades. | ||
- | === Dimensions of | + | === Dimensions of copyright law. Digital Restrictions Management === |
{00:26:35} | {00:26:35} | ||
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And that, I believe, is the minimum freedom that we must have for all | And that, I believe, is the minimum freedom that we must have for all | ||
kinds of works. To take away this freedom is what makes copyright into | kinds of works. To take away this freedom is what makes copyright into | ||
- | tyranny. To take away this freedom, the freedom to share | + | tyranny. To take away this freedom, the freedom to share is what requires |
dracony /?/ and punishments and outrageous means of enforcement. By | dracony /?/ and punishments and outrageous means of enforcement. By | ||
winning back this freedom, by making these works shareable, we can turn | winning back this freedom, by making these works shareable, we can turn | ||
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peer-to-peer sharing. [applause] | peer-to-peer sharing. [applause] | ||
- | === Proposed ways | + | === Proposed ways of supporting artists === |
{01:03:50} | {01:03:50} | ||
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I have two proposals that have to do that. | I have two proposals that have to do that. | ||
- | ==== Taxes | + | ==== Taxes, which are distributed as a cube root of artist's popularity ==== |
{01:08:04} | {01:08:04} | ||
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bring someone else with you! [light laughter] Splitting up is the recipe | bring someone else with you! [light laughter] Splitting up is the recipe | ||
for getting eaten.) | for getting eaten.) | ||
+ | |||
=== Questions === | === Questions === | ||
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Anyway, questions. | Anyway, questions. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== What countries are democratic? ==== | ||
{01:14:17} | {01:14:17} | ||
- | [Q: What countries are democratic in your sense?] | + | ====[Q: What countries are democratic in your sense?]==== |
I'm not sure that they are any [laughter, applause]. New Zealand seems | I'm not sure that they are any [laughter, applause]. New Zealand seems | ||
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influence and wealth. If you let rich people deploy their influence to | influence and wealth. If you let rich people deploy their influence to | ||
make people vote for what they want, that is not democracy. | make people vote for what they want, that is not democracy. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Becoming member of the Congress ==== | ||
{01:16:20} | {01:16:20} | ||
- | [Q: Richard, Lawrence Lessig tried... well, not tried, but | + | ====[Q: Richard, Lawrence Lessig tried... well, not tried, but |
- | he thought about becoming member of the Congress..] | + | he thought about becoming member of the Congress..]==== |
I don't know about that. | I don't know about that. | ||
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applause]. But then what would you expect from a god like that? | applause]. But then what would you expect from a god like that? | ||
- | ==== RFID chips ==== | + | ==== [Q: (RFID chips)] ==== |
{01:17:54} | {01:17:54} | ||
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your conversation you touched theme of hardware. There is a sort | your conversation you touched theme of hardware. There is a sort | ||
of restriction of human rights, it's the RFID chips, so what's your | of restriction of human rights, it's the RFID chips, so what's your | ||
- | opinion on this and will you start a company like "Stop DRM" | + | opinion on this and will you start a company like "Stop DRM" [apparently |
- | + | ||
listener mispronounced 'company' for 'campaign', which has lead to a | listener mispronounced 'company' for 'campaign', which has lead to a | ||
- | confusion. --Pavel | + | confusion. --Pavel]] |
I don't mind starting a companies, I don't mind what I will do with | I don't mind starting a companies, I don't mind what I will do with | ||
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kind of deem /?/ that they are protecting us from, but that's absurd | kind of deem /?/ that they are protecting us from, but that's absurd | ||
because the big danger is them. [laughter] | because the big danger is them. [laughter] | ||
- | |||
- | ==== The era of "software as a service" ==== | ||
{01:21:15} | {01:21:15} | ||
- | [Q: How do you see a future of free software in the era of "software as | + | ====[Q: How do you see a future of free software in the era of "software as |
- | a service"?] | + | a service"?]==== |
Well, I don't like that term, "software as a service", I think it's | Well, I don't like that term, "software as a service", I think it's | ||
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it's a search engine. Well, that's looking thought the company's data. You | it's a search engine. Well, that's looking thought the company's data. You | ||
say: please look through your data for me. Okay. It's not your data, it's | say: please look through your data for me. Okay. It's not your data, it's | ||
- | their data. Or suppose you're buying | + | their data. [but consider "search tracking" that they may perform being |
+ | able to identify you, say, if you are logged in. "Your search history | ||
+ | will be more valuable than your CV" --Pavel] Or suppose you're buying | ||
something, then you make a deal with the owner of the site. That's not | something, then you make a deal with the owner of the site. That's not | ||
doing your computation with your data, it's not something you can do on | doing your computation with your data, it's not something you can do on | ||
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have to think about it differently. | have to think about it differently. | ||
- | + | [01:25:00] | |
- | + | ====[Q: What is your opinion about activity of various standardization | |
- | + | ||
- | [Q: What is your opinion about activity of various standardization | + | |
committees, especially those which pretend to regulate programming | committees, especially those which pretend to regulate programming | ||
- | languages?] | + | languages?]==== |
Well, standards are useful, it is a way of achieving compatibility, for | Well, standards are useful, it is a way of achieving compatibility, for | ||
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extensions in GCC and some of them people liked and then they were put | extensions in GCC and some of them people liked and then they were put | ||
in the C spec.. Great! | in the C spec.. Great! | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Licenses for scientific articles ==== | ||
{01:26:16} | {01:26:16} | ||
- | [Q: What do you think about licenses for scientific jobs, for example | + | ====[Q: What do you think about licenses for scientific jobs, for example |
- | articles, what exact types of license for example....] | + | articles, what exact types of license for example....]==== |
Well, first of all, scientific articles, papers are in second category, | Well, first of all, scientific articles, papers are in second category, | ||
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попало.] What? [laughter] [I just get to make a microphone to | попало.] What? [laughter] [I just get to make a microphone to | ||
them...] I don't understand..) | them...] I don't understand..) | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Cooperating with occupation government ==== | ||
{01:30:09} | {01:30:09} | ||
- | [Q: How do you understand, is it permittable for us cooperate with | + | ====[Q: How do you understand, is it permittable for us cooperate with |
occupation government. I meant that a government are now neutral support | occupation government. I meant that a government are now neutral support | ||
of free software in some of bits /?/ aspects, but they do not agree with | of free software in some of bits /?/ aspects, but they do not agree with | ||
- | idea as it all.] | + | idea as it all.]==== |
We should cooperate them when they propose to do something that advances | We should cooperate them when they propose to do something that advances | ||
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So, we have to advocate what is needed to really solve the problem, | So, we have to advocate what is needed to really solve the problem, | ||
but if we win only part of that it's still a victory, a partial victory. | but if we win only part of that it's still a victory, a partial victory. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Ten years expiry for the GNU GPL ==== | ||
{01:31:34} | {01:31:34} | ||
- | [Q: If copyright goes out of effect in ten years, then GNU GPL software | + | ====[Q: If copyright goes out of effect in ten years, then GNU GPL software |
- | will not be GNU GPL software in ten years?] | + | will not be GNU GPL software in ten years?]==== |
That's right, it would not be GPL in ten years anymore. Well, what I | That's right, it would not be GPL in ten years anymore. Well, what I | ||
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(Did you want to ask a question? I want the guy who is standing against | (Did you want to ask a question? I want the guy who is standing against | ||
a wall in a brownish coat...) | a wall in a brownish coat...) | ||
- | |||
- | ==== How many people will push buttons ==== | ||
{01:31:11} | {01:31:11} | ||
- | [Q: Mr. Stallman, you said us about the way to support musicians and | + | ====[Q: Mr. Stallman, you said us about the way to support musicians and |
writers by pressing button and sending them money. But do you really | writers by pressing button and sending them money. But do you really | ||
- | believe that lots of people will push these buttons...] | + | believe that lots of people will push these buttons...]==== |
Oh, sure, we know it, for instance, a few months ago Radiohead released | Oh, sure, we know it, for instance, a few months ago Radiohead released | ||
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musicians this way, but that they can even get rich. | musicians this way, but that they can even get rich. | ||
- | [ | + | [Q: I can actually add a more recent example, just two days ago Nine Inch |
Nails released their latest album under the Creative Commons Share-alike | Nails released their latest album under the Creative Commons Share-alike | ||
license.. ] | license.. ] | ||
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suppose I could send ten dollars by pushing this button ten times... Well, | suppose I could send ten dollars by pushing this button ten times... Well, | ||
that's so easy! Of course, I would do it. | that's so easy! Of course, I would do it. | ||
- | |||
- | [Q: If they are not popular?] | ||
{01:34:54} | {01:34:54} | ||
+ | |||
+ | [Q: If they are not popular?] | ||
Well, If they are not popular, they would not get so much money, | Well, If they are not popular, they would not get so much money, | ||
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[the same listener: Oh, I can see.] | [the same listener: Oh, I can see.] | ||
- | + | [01:36:12 ] | |
- | + | ====[Q: Which of existing licenses do you mean as the best approximation to | |
- | + | your second case...]==== | |
- | [Q: Which of existing licenses do you mean as the best approximation to | + | |
- | your second case...] | + | |
Second case?... | Second case?... | ||
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something, my essays, they permit distribution of exact copies and they | something, my essays, they permit distribution of exact copies and they | ||
don't limit this to non-commercial. | don't limit this to non-commercial. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Promoting free software to business ==== | ||
{01:37:48} | {01:37:48} | ||
- | [Q: What ways do you see in promoting the free software to | + | ====[Q: What ways do you see in promoting the free software to |
- | business? Because, it's also... it's rather.. it gets population /?/...] | + | business? Because, it's also... it's rather.. it gets population /?/...]==== |
I'm not an expert on that, I don't focus on business, I focus on teaching | I'm not an expert on that, I don't focus on business, I focus on teaching | ||
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our values. | our values. | ||
- | + | {01:39:30] | |
- | + | ====[Q: You've got the musicians. How do you practically see, | |
- | + | how could it be done, that button implemented?]==== | |
- | [Q: You've got the musicians. How do you practically see, | + | |
- | how could it be done, that button implemented?] | + | |
I'm not an expert, but I know that technology exists, the technology | I'm not an expert, but I know that technology exists, the technology | ||
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[the same listener: Thank you] | [the same listener: Thank you] | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Private software, military technologies ==== | ||
{01:42:09} | {01:42:09} | ||
- | [Q: All software should be free, but do you understand that always will be | + | ====[Q: All software should be free, but do you understand that always will be |
- | some fields where software can't be free, such as military technologies?] | + | some fields where software can't be free, such as military technologies?]==== |
Well, that's different. You see, software for military use is not | Well, that's different. You see, software for military use is not | ||
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will be able to make use of that, if these are /uneral?/, please take | will be able to make use of that, if these are /uneral?/, please take | ||
it to one organization or another will be able to take these, so...) | it to one organization or another will be able to take these, so...) | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
{{RMS}} | {{RMS}} |